The US Occupation of the Dominican Republic, 1916-1924

From 1916 to 1924, the US government occupied the Dominican Republic, mostly because a chaotic and unstable political situation there was preventing the Dominican Republic from paying back debts owed to the USA and other foreign countries. The US military easily subdued any Dominican resistance and occupied the nation for eight years. The occupation was unpopular both with the Dominicans and Americans in the USA who felt it was a waste of money. A History of Intervention At the time, it was common for the USA to intervene in the affairs of other nations, particularly those in the Caribbean or Central America. The reason was the Panama Canal, completed in 1914 at a high cost to the United States. The Canal was (and still is) hugely important strategically and economically. The USA felt that any nations in the vicinity had to be closely watched and, if need be, controlled in order to protect their investment. In 1903, the United States created the Santo Domingo Improvement Company in charge of regulating customs at Dominican ports in an effort to recoup past debts. In 1915, the US had occupied Haiti, which shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic: they would stay until 1934. The Dominican Republic in 1916 Like many Latin American nations, the Dominican Republic experienced great growing pains after independence. It became a country in 1844 when it broke from Haiti, splitting the island of Hispaniola roughly in half. Since independence, the Dominican Republic had seen over 50 presidents and nineteen different constitutions. Of those presidents, only three peacefully completed their designated terms in office. Revolutions and rebellions were common and the national debt kept piling up. By 1916 the debt had swollen to well over $30 million, which the poor island nation could never hope to pay. Political Turmoil in the Dominican Republic The USA controlled the customs houses in the major ports, collecting on their debt but strangling the Dominican economy. In 1911, Dominican President Ramà ³n Cà ¡ceres was assassinated and the nation erupted once again into civil war. By 1916, Juan Isidro Jimà ©nez was president, but his supporters were fighting openly with those loyal to his rival, General Desiderio Arà ­as, former Minister of War. As the fighting got worse, the Americans sent marines to occupy the nation. President Jimà ©nez did not appreciate the gesture, resigning his post rather than take orders from the occupiers. The Pacification of the Dominican Republic The US soldiers moved quickly to secure their hold on the Dominican Republic. In May, Rear Admiral William B. Caperton arrived in Santo Domingo and took over the operation. General Arias decided to oppose the occupation, ordering his men to contest the American landing at Puerto Plata on June 1. General Arias went to Santiago, which he vowed to defend. The Americans sent a concerted force and took the city. That wasn’t the end of the resistance: in November, Governor Juan Pà ©rez of the city of San Francisco de Macorà ­s refused to recognize the occupation government. Holed up in an old fort, he was eventually driven out by the marines. The Occupation Government The US worked hard to find a new President who would grant them whatever they wanted. The Dominican Congress selected Francisco Henriquez, but he refused to obey American commands, so he was removed as president. The US eventually simply decreed that they would place their own military government in charge. The Dominican army was disbanded and replaced with a national guard, the Guardia Nacional Dominicana. All of the high-ranking officers were initially Americans. During the occupation, the US military ruled the nation completely except for lawless parts of the city of Santo Domingo, where powerful warlords still held sway. A Difficult Occupation The US military occupied the Dominican Republic for eight years. The Dominicans never warmed to the occupying force, and instead resented the high-handed intruders. Although all-out attacks and resistance stopped, isolated ambushes of American soldiers were frequent. The Dominicans also organized themselves politically: they created the Unià ³n Nacional Dominicana, (Dominican National Union) whose purpose was to drum up support in other parts of Latin America for the Dominicans and convince the Americans to withdraw. Prominent Dominicans generally refused to co-operate with the Americans, as their countrymen saw it as treason. The US Withdrawal With the occupation very unpopular both in the Dominican Republic and at home in the USA, President Warren Harding decided to get the troops out. The USA and the Dominican Republic agreed on a plan for an orderly withdrawal which guaranteed that customs duties would still be used to pay off long-standing debts. Starting in 1922, the US military began gradually moving out of the Dominican Republic. Elections were held and in July of 1924 a new government took over the country. The last US Marines left the Dominican Republic on September 18, 1924. The Legacy of the US Occupation of the Dominican Republic Not a whole lot of good came out of the US occupation of the Dominican Republic. It is true that the nation was stable for a period of eight years under the occupation and that there was a peaceful transition of power when the Americans left, but the democracy did not last. Rafael Trujillo, who would go on to become dictator of the country from 1930 to 1961, got his start in the US-trained Dominican National Guard. Like they did in Haiti at roughly the same time, the US did help build schools, roads, and other infrastructure improvements. The occupation of the Dominican Republic, as well as other interventions in Latin America in the early part of the Twentieth Century, gave the US a bad reputation as a high-handed imperialist power. The best that can be said of the 1916-1924 occupation is that although the USA was protecting its own interests in the Panama Canal, they did try to leave the Dominican Republic a better place than they found it. Source Scheina, Robert L. Latin Americas Wars: Washington D.C.: Brassey, Inc., 2003.the Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900-2001.

Culture Shock Of The United States Essay - 1537 Words

Culture Shock has played a tremendous role in the growth of cultural ecology because it is an issue that is constantly growing all over the world. In the United States, it may not seem like things are changing involving culture shock, but it is not any different then the changes in places like Africa and China for example. It is developing equally across the world because there are now more ways to travel. So, what exactly is culture shock anyways? Well, it is known as going to a foreign or unfamiliar territory that one is not used to, so they may feel symptoms of anxiety such as nervousness or shock because the customs, actions, beliefs, etc of those people may not seem familiar to them, so one may feel ill-prepared for the changing environment. Also, for example, if one was to go to school in the U.S. but came from China, they would feel culture shock because the rules in China are not the same as rules in the U.S. and so it may make one feel uneasy about the situation because they are not use to change and maybe the move was to quick for them to adjust properly. The United States is very different from foreign areas because the culture is very different. Where have people of Africa seen movie productions, music, sports, universities, iPhones, computers, etc? The answer is not where they live but in the United States if they traveled there before. This is exactly the issue with culture shock in ecology. Culture is what people behave like, feel, and do. Shock is a symptomShow MoreRelatedCulture Shock : The United States Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesCulture Shock: Immigration to America In 2010, as my sisters-in-law and their families prepared to immigrate to the United States (U.S.), my husband and I did all we can to advise and assist them in getting ready for their long journey from Nigeria to the U.S. To our surprise, contrary to every advice we gave them, in preparation for life in the US, they started out with trying American fast foods of different kinds. Culture shock is expected for anyone who immigrates to the US, regardless of whereRead MoreCultural Adjustment And Its Effects On Society938 Words   |  4 Pages which is called cultural shock. However, learning the phases of cultural adjustment will aid to deal with the culture shock that many people have faced it in different ways, including Chinese, myself, and other international students. Yaping Tang states in a 1996 essay, â€Å"Polite but Thirsty†, that there are many Chinese students who have come to the United States in order to do research or get an education, and they have faced an experience of dealing with culture shock. Chinese students, for exampleRead MoreCulture Shock Of International Students1436 Words   |  6 Pages Culture Shock in International Students Culture shock is an issue that has been discussed widely in a variety of fields. It is an issue that spans all cultures and groups and can affect anyone who transitions from one culture to another. Although it might be typically thought of as something that only happens when an individual travels to a new country, it can easily be experienced with a move or visit to a new region of a country. In light of the globalization that we as a society are currentlyRead MoreFour Stages of Culture Shock Faced By Immigrants Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pageschange in one’s surroundings can result in culture shock. Culture shock refers to the anxiety and surprise a person feels when he or she is discontented with an unfamiliar setting. The majority of practices or customs are different from what a person is used to. One may experience withdrawal, homesickness, or a desire for old friends. For example, when a person goes to live in a different place with unfamiliar surroundings, they may experience culture shock. Sometimes it is the result of losingRead MoreCause and Effect of Cultural Shock Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesCAUSES AND EFFECTS OF CULTURAL SHOCK Kasie Sepeda Professor Scherf 11/19/2012 Outline I. What is Cultural Shock a. serious phenomenon and a long-winded process b. Real culture shock can happen in places you expect to be similar II. Effects of cultural shock a. Happen when you take a culture for granted. b. Can affect your job, family, etc. III. Causes of cultural shock a. Can cause mild uneasiness or temporary homesickness to acute unhappiness or even, in extremeRead MoreEssay about Culture Shock739 Words   |  3 PagesPositive Effects of Culture Shock Positive Effects of Culture Shock Thesis Statement: There are many positive effects of culture shock, such as meeting new people, knowing about personality and increasing the knowledge. Body: 1. Meeting new people a. Public places b. Help to know about new country and culture 2. Knowing about personality a. Be independent b. Own abilities 3. Increasing the knowledge a. New culture, history b. Second language Read MoreThe Five Key Managerial Skills1075 Words   |  5 Pagesbuild cooperative effort in the unit† (17). An important part of interpersonal skills is communication skills which for managers is multiculturalism. Multiculturalism is â€Å"the ability to work effectively and conduct business with people from different cultures† (18). Conceptual skill is â€Å"the ability to see the organization as a total entity. It includes recognizing how the various units of the organization depend on one another and how changed in any one part affect all the others† (18). Conceptual skillRead MoreDifferent Culture in Guest of the Sheik by Elizabeth Warnock Fernea777 Words   |  3 Pagesand individualistic with many exclusive qualities. Everyone in the world has a culture but it is not easy to accept or agree with other people’s culture. The ethnography, â€Å"Guests of the Sheik†, written by Elizabeth Warnock Fernea really captures what it is like to live and to be immersed into another culture. Ethnography is â€Å"comprised of the writings of the anthropologist, detailing the life ways of a particular culture, investigated by means of direct fieldwork† (Arenson, and Miller-Thayer 1). ElizabethRead MoreChallenges Faced By International Students1007 Words   |  5 Pagesby international studen ts in American academic institutions In the article â€Å"Academic culture shock† author Godwin A. Kara discuss about the American academic institutions and the culture shock faced by the international students and scholars in the academic system. In the opening lines the author states â€Å"There is a gradual increase in the number of international students and scholars every year in United States†. The author also points out the differences in the academic traditions. He highlightsRead MoreThe United States Based Engineering Manager Who Now Works For Siemens Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper explores the experiences of a United States based Engineering Manager who now works for Siemens, a German company, as they have merged with his former company, Dresser-Rand, a United States corporation. While he has not yet become fully emerged in the Siemens way of handling multicultural competence, he does have experience working on global projects and dealing with cross-cultural issues with Dresser-Rand. T he interview with the subject, along with research into programs in place at Siemens

The Aztec Triple Alliance

The Triple Alliance (1428-1521) was a military and political pact among three city-states who shared lands in the Basin of Mexico (what is essentially Mexico City today): Tenochtitlan, settled by the Mexica/Aztec; Texcoco, home of the Acolhua; and Tlacopan, home of the Tepaneca. That accord formed the basis of what was to become the Aztec Empire that ruled Central Mexico and eventually most of Mesoamerica when the Spanish arrived at the very end of the Postclassic period. We know quite a bit about the Aztec Triple Alliance because histories were compiled at the time of the Spanish conquest in 1519. Many of the native historical traditions collected by the Spanish or preserved in the towns contain detailed information about the dynastic leaders of the Triple Alliance, and economic, demographic, and social information comes from the archaeological record. The Rise of the Triple Alliance During the late Postclassic or Aztec Period (AD 1350-1520) in the Basin of Mexico, there was a rapid centralization of political authority. By 1350, the basin was divided into several small city-states (called Altepetl in the Nahuatl language), each of which was ruled by a petty king (Tlatoani). Each altepetl included an urban administrative center and a surrounding territory of dependent villages and hamlets. Some of the city-state relationships were hostile and plagued by nearly constant wars. Others were friendlier but still competed with one another for local prominence. Alliances between them were built and sustained through a vital trade network and a commonly shared set of symbols and art styles. By the late 14th century, two dominant confederations emerged. One was led by the Tepaneca on the western side of the Basin  and the other by the Acolhua on the eastern side. In 1418, the Tepaneca based at Azcapotzalco came to control most of the Basin. Increased tribute demands and exploitation under the Azcapotzalco Tepaneca led to a revolt by the Mexica in 1428. Expansion and the Aztec Empire The 1428 revolt became a fierce battle for regional domination between Azcapotzalco and the combined forces from Tenochtitlan and Texcoco. After several victories, the ethnic Tepaneca city-state of Tlacopan joined them, and the combined forces overthrew Azcapotzalco. After that, the Triple Alliance moved quickly to subdue other city-states in the basin. The south was conquered by 1432, the west by 1435, and the east by 1440. Some longer holdouts in the basin include Chalco, conquered in 1465, and Tlatelolco in 1473. These expansionist battles were not ethnically-based: the bitterest were waged against the related polities in the Puebla Valley. In most cases, the  annexation of communities simply meant the establishment of an additional layer of leadership and a tribute system. However, in some cases such as the Otomi capital of Xaltocan, archaeological evidence indicates that the Triple Alliance replaced some of the population, perhaps because the elites and commoner people fled. An Unequal Alliance The three city-states sometimes operated independently and sometimes together. By 1431, each capital controlled certain city-states, with Tenochtitlan to the south, Texcoco to the northeast and Tlacopan to the northwest. Each of the partners was politically autonomous. Each ruler king acted as the head of a separate domain. But the three partners were not equals, a division that increased over the 90 years of the Aztec Empire. The Triple Alliance divided booty recovered from their wars separately. 2/5 went to Tenochtitlan, 2/5 to Texcoco, and 1/5 (as the latecomer) to Tlacopan. Each leader of the alliance divided his resources among the ruler himself, his relatives, allied and dependent rulers, nobles, meritorious warriors, and to local community governments. Although Texcoco and Tenochtitlan began on a relatively equal footing, Tenochtitlan became preeminent in the military sphere, while Texcoco retained prominence in law, engineering, and the arts. Records do not include reference to Tlacopans specialties. Benefits of the Triple Alliance The Triple Alliance partners were a formidable military force, but they were also an economic force. Their strategy was to build on pre-existing trade relations, expanding them to new heights with state support. They also focused on urban development, dividing the areas into quarters and neighborhoods and encouraging an influx of immigrants into their capitals. They established political legitimacy and fostered social and political interactions through alliances and elite marriages within the three partners and throughout their empire. Archaeologist Michael E. Smith argues that the economic system was taxation, and not tribute since there were regular, routinized payments to the Empire from the subject states. This guaranteed the three cities a consistent flow of products coming in from different environmental and cultural regions, increasing their power and prestige. They also provided a relatively stable political environment, where commerce and marketplaces could flourish. Domination and Disintegration The king of Tenochtitlà ¡n soon emerged as the supreme military commander of the alliance  and made the final decision on all military actions. Eventually, Tenochtitlà ¡n began to erode the independence of first Tlacopà ¡n, then that of Texcoco. Of the two, Texcoco remained fairly powerful, appointing its colonial city-states and able to fend off Tenochtitlà ¡ns attempt to intervene in Texcocan dynastic succession right up until the Spanish conquest. Most scholars believe that Tenochtitlà ¡n was dominant throughout most of the period, but the effective union of the alliance remained intact through political, social, and economic means. Each controlled their territorial domain as dependent city-states and their military forces. They shared the expansionist goals of the empire, and their highest-status individuals maintained individual sovereignty by inter-marriages, feasting, markets and tribute sharing across alliance borders. But hostilities among the Triple Alliance persisted, and it was with the help of Texcocos forces that Hernan Cortes was able to overthrow Tenochtitlà ¡n in 1591.

Youth Culture History Paper - 1075 Words

Kim Chau History 148 Paper #2 Word Count: 949 The decade of the 1950s sparked the rise of youth power. It was the beginning of actual â€Å"teenagers†. Post World War ll brought a baby boom that led to a mass amount of young people in the fifties. The youth culture was a significant social change that was taking place in America. The fifties youth culture had a considerable influence over pop culture. Their behavior, interests, and ideas were distinct from their parents. â€Å"Their attempts to forge an identity worried adults, who couldnt understand the shift (Shmoop Editorial Team).† The fifties were essential to youth culture because it marked the historical roots of teenagers. In essence, prior to the 1950’s, the youth lacked freedom to†¦show more content†¦Teenagers had a great amount of contribution to consumerism. The teen culture created a new market for companies to target. With the free time teens had, it allowed more freedom as well as money to spend which sets apart teenagers from befor e. This change allowed a separate youth culture to evolve. The era of the 1960’s is known as the hippie decade. The mid sixties was the beginning of teenagers creating a different lifestyle than the decades before them. This lifestyle included more freedom, nonconformity, and speaking up about their opinions. Music such as Rock and Roll defined the youth culture of the sixties. The 1970’s were a time of transition for America. It changed from the youth being active in social injustices by protesting, to being apathetic about politics. The young people just wanted to be happy for a change and wanted to have a good time. The use of drugs and sexual activity was significant during that time period. They were very experimental and did what they wanted to do without much worries. The seventies were a simple time more about not worrying. The youth’s creation of the hippie lifestyle of the sixties and the relaxed lifestyle of the seventies differed from the fifties in a way that it was a rebellion against the constricting social roles andShow MoreRelatedActs of Violence by American Youth: A Result of Culture, Media, and Capitalism776 Words   |  3 Pagesdate Acts of Violence by American Youth Research Paper Outline Thesis Statement: The proliferation of violence committed by American youth demonstrates tight connections among culture, media, and capitalism creating unique circumstances that result in excessive violence and rage relative to other youth around the world. I. Introduction Juvenile Criminals Youth Violence A. Juvenile crime is not new. Juveniles have committed crimes for as long as human history has endured. B. In most, if notRead MoreThe Expansion Of Sport For Development1525 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Sport has often been viewed as an agent linked to the constructive development of individuals and as a mechanism that can foster positive social change within communities. As such, this paper intends to examine the recent expansion of sport for development (SFD) programs within Canadian Aboriginal communities by exploring the historical and concurrent structure of Aboriginal sport initiatives within Canada. Given this, the most pervasively used definition of SFD came in 2003, from theRead MoreThe Role of Media in Youth Culture in Contemporary Society1309 Words   |  6 Pagesto dictate youth culture has become one of the most lucrative conquests corporations are battling over today. Much like empires throughout history, media empires today have found their ‘Africa’. This paper is an examination of this silent, bloodless conquest through two different sociological le nses. First we will consider the effect of media in youth’s culture using functional theory. Stating the primary assumptions valuable in studying the effects of media on youth and youth culture. We will thenRead MoreGrease Essay939 Words   |  4 Pagesmovie? Also, how did this type of film affect the popular culture of the past and of today? That is the basis of this paperÂ…. Grease began as a five-hour long amateur show presented in a Chicago trolley barn in the summer of 1971 and eventually made Broadway. The film version of Grease began almost immediately. It debuted in 1978, becoming the biggest grossing movie musical in film history. Its eight-year run made Broadway history and put it among todays most popular musicals. 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A Relaxing Place Free Essays

A Relaxing Place A relaxing place for me would be my house. There is no place like home. Home is where you can do what you want in privacy. We will write a custom essay sample on A Relaxing Place or any similar topic only for you Order Now You can wear what you want, say or do what you want. You don’t have to do anything. A person can really relax better in their home. Most would go somewhere special but I choose home. At home you can sleep all day and not have to worry about anything, just lay there and be lazy. You can relax in your own bedroom better than any place in the world. You have what you want in there for you. When you are home you feel safe, and like no one can ruin your good mood. You are in your own space and you are on your own time. It is better when you have a friend at your house. It makes it a lot more fun and relaxing. You have someone to do things with rather than sit and be bored. Sometimes you want to be alone but other times when your home you would like to have someone to be with you. When you go out and do things with them, you get tired then you can go in your house and just relax. You really couldn’t do it anywhere else without feeling like something is missing. It is a lot more fun when you can just sit and relax, or go and have fun with someone at your house. Although some people say that going to other places to relax is better than home, I still think that home is so much better. At other places you will be bothered by others, but not at your own home. You can go in your room and not be disturbed. Some say that they like to go to the public places, if you stay at home, you can have more privacy. Home is where you can go at any time to just relax and you don’t have to be disturbed. To conclude my essay, I would have to say that home is the best relaxing place you could ever go. Everyone goes to other places and they say they are relaxed, but if you just want to be alone and not hear any noise, home is the place to be. So if people tell you to go on vacation and it will be the perfect relaxing place, just think about home. You can never get tired of your own home, I never do anyways. It is the perfect place and you have what you need right there. There is no other place that you already have what you want out for you, at home you have your bed, family and your things, Home is truly the best relaxing place to be. How to cite A Relaxing Place, Papers

A Relaxing Place Free Essays

A Relaxing Place A relaxing place for me would be my house. There is no place like home. Home is where you can do what you want in privacy. We will write a custom essay sample on A Relaxing Place or any similar topic only for you Order Now You can wear what you want, say or do what you want. You don’t have to do anything. A person can really relax better in their home. Most would go somewhere special but I choose home. At home you can sleep all day and not have to worry about anything, just lay there and be lazy. You can relax in your own bedroom better than any place in the world. You have what you want in there for you. When you are home you feel safe, and like no one can ruin your good mood. You are in your own space and you are on your own time. It is better when you have a friend at your house. It makes it a lot more fun and relaxing. You have someone to do things with rather than sit and be bored. Sometimes you want to be alone but other times when your home you would like to have someone to be with you. When you go out and do things with them, you get tired then you can go in your house and just relax. You really couldn’t do it anywhere else without feeling like something is missing. It is a lot more fun when you can just sit and relax, or go and have fun with someone at your house. Although some people say that going to other places to relax is better than home, I still think that home is so much better. At other places you will be bothered by others, but not at your own home. You can go in your room and not be disturbed. Some say that they like to go to the public places, if you stay at home, you can have more privacy. Home is where you can go at any time to just relax and you don’t have to be disturbed. To conclude my essay, I would have to say that home is the best relaxing place you could ever go. Everyone goes to other places and they say they are relaxed, but if you just want to be alone and not hear any noise, home is the place to be. So if people tell you to go on vacation and it will be the perfect relaxing place, just think about home. You can never get tired of your own home, I never do anyways. It is the perfect place and you have what you need right there. There is no other place that you already have what you want out for you, at home you have your bed, family and your things, Home is truly the best relaxing place to be. How to cite A Relaxing Place, Papers

Multicultural Health Issues and Health Care Practices

Question: Discuss about theMulticultural Health Issues and Health Care Practices. Answer: Introduction The multicultural group chosen are the Croatians who migrated to Australia in four waves each in a particular year. The first wave began in 1851, then 1947, the 1980s and recently the 1990s. The recent migrants who came as refugees are composed of the middle ages, married and in many numbers professionals thus having a health care encounter with this group require a professional with cultural sensitivity. This paper explores this cultural groups religious, social, economic and cultural beliefs in regards to health care dispensation, perception, seeking, interaction among others (Anon, 2016). The religious perspective of the Croatians is closely related to the Christian calendar. They celebrate the All Saints day on first November, where they pray at the cemeteries putting chrysanthemums as a remembrance of their dear ones (Anon, 2016). Again, the Assumption of Mary on the fifteenth of August involves prayers as well. Moreover, Easter and Epiphany are celebrated in late March and early April and sixth of January respectively. On these special days, clients have special needs and therefore, confirming with them, and their families help meet their desires. For instance, a religious leader may be availed in the hospital to pray for the sick on these special moments. Allowing them to undertake their religious activities is paramount as a nursing intervention, intriguingly, none of their practice related to religion and fasting affects the delivery of care or poses a nursing ethical dilemma (Anon, 2016). As part of the nursing plan of care, the Croatian cuisines are considered according to the clients preference. For instance, breakfast mostly includes toast and fruit light meals. Importantly, morning tea mainly includes ham, sliced meat, pickled vegetables, cheese and fresh bread. Wine or liqueur that is homemade may be added. Also, there could be traditional pastries, cakes, and sweets after the meal. Often, black tea is used during this time. Lunch involves stews or soup immediately followed by vegetables and meat. Fasting is dependent on the clients strength in religion and is carried out in preparation for the special days like Epiphany (Uzun and Sevin 2015, pp.3400-3408.). Many of the Croatians communicate in a voice that is loud and possess a style of communication that is animated. However, they may have communication problems with English and as an enrolled nurse, using a specific and clear language in making decisions that are informed and communicating the clients prognosis is vital for continuity of care (Colic-Peisker 2012, pp.149-166). Moreover, the expectation from most Croatians of maintaining a direct eye contact and keeping a personal space in non-verbal communication is essential. Additionally, most of the Croatians have no direct impediments to seeking health care since they adhere to the modern culture of treatment and maintaining health like doing exercises, frequent checkups, taking prescribed medications from a general practitioner (GPs) among others. One common health practice among the Croatian senior citizens include massage, seeking care by faith healers and herbal medicines because of their experiences in Croatia earlier in life. However, this has changed over time due to modernisation and mixture of cultures. Residential support and care are a fear that most of them evade by refusing to admit their illnesses and pain (Internations.org, 2016). Most of the people from this group experience stressors like social isolation, language barriers, and adoption of a new culture in Australia. Some of the manifestations of these strains include paranoia, depression, low self-esteem among others. Discrimination by all the systems from health, justice, social, economic and others has triggered a mindset of fear and decreased interaction (McAllister 2016, pp.1-17). Both the federal and State governments have tried to tackle this problem by enacting policies similar to those of the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders and gradually, the problems are fading. Other common stressors for this group are related to normal human fears like death and disability. In a clinical setting, alleviating these concerns through guidance and counseling, health teaching among other interventions can shorten the time of recuperation (Hawkins 2011, pp.248-249). The senior citizens are the group affected by the primary cultural practices in Croatia such as the use of herbal medicines and traditional healers. For instance, a senior man who fled Croatia in the recent immigration phase still clings to the fact that bleeding and pain have to be tolerated by men and it is only women and children who may express their real feeling of it. It significantly hinders the way a nurse can rate the pain that the client is feeling (Morawska 2010, pp.196-197). A case where the client is having abdominal pain due to intestinal obstruction and pretends not to be feeling the intensity of the pain can lead to a misdiagnosis and eventual aggravation of the disease. Therefore, explaining the importance of honesty and openness to the patient helps in the overall and multidisciplinary administration of health care (McAllister 2016, pp.1-17). Since many of them are affiliated to Roman Catholic, death is a moment of observing religious rites and rituals. Administration of the last rite is one of this practices that is given at the time of dying. It is one among the rosarys seven sacraments, and it represents the events of Our Lady and the life of Jesus Christ. They use beads of the rosary as a helper in praying. Moreover, particular families may prefer that a Croatian priest helps the patient during his/her last moments to death for sanctification. The last rite can be conducted just before or immediately after death, and some families may prefer to groom and dress the corpse before being taken to a funeral home. Many of the Croatians prefer being buried according to the Christian ways as opposed to cremation. However, some of the families cremate the dead and return the ashes to the family homeland in Croatia. Therefore, death and burial are dependent although many of them prefer burial as stipulated in the Bible (Dss.gov .au, 2014). The Croatians migrated to Australia in four phases, and some have tightly held to their culture while others have been assimilated into the Australian way of life. Their religious practices and special days are similar to the Christian ways since they embrace Roman Catholicism. Moreover, special cuisines like meat dish, black tea, sweets, and seafood are mostly used by this group. They have a special way of communication which may be in an animated style. Also, some may have a problem communicating in English since The Croatian language is entirely different. They also have stressors like social discrimination and language barrier. Burial and death practices conform to the Roman Catholic ways. Nursing interventions are mainly inclined to cultural sensitivity, altruism, and multidisciplinary engagements. Reference List Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.diversicare.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Profile_Croatian.pdf [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. Colic-Peisker, V. (2012). Croatians in Western Australia: migration, language and class.Journal of Sociology, 38(2), pp.149-166. Dss.gov.au. (2014).The Croatia-born Community | Department of Social Services, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/settlement-and-multicultural-affairs/programs-policy/a-multicultural-australia/programs-and-publications/community-information-summaries/the-croatia-born-community [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. Hawkins, R. (2011). Migration, Class, and Transnational Identities: Croatians in Australia and America, by Val Colic-Peisker.Labor History, 52(2), pp.248-249. Internations.org. (2016).Croats in Australia Croatian expats in Australia | InterNations. [online] Available at: https://www.internations.org/australia-expats/croats [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. McAllister, I. (2016). National identity and attitudes towards immigration in Australia *.National Identities, pp.1-17. Morawska, E. (2010). ValColicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Peisker . Migration, Class, and Transnational Identities: Croatians in Australia and America. (Studies of World Migrations.) Urbana and Chicago : University of Illinois Press . 2008 . Pp. xii, 252. $45.00.The American Historical Review, 115(1), pp.196-197. Uzun, . and Sevin, S. (2015). The relationship between cultural sensitivity and perceived stress among nurses working with foreign patients.J Clin Nurs, 24(23-24), pp.3400-3408.

Comparing Two Baroque Masses free essay sample

Chorus from the Messiah BY Skiving In George Frederic Handels Hallelujah Chorus, the music grows from simple to complex, as in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Dies Aria. Hallelujah, like many other masses, praises Gods almightiness, and lets the audience feel the power of God. The piece starts off it a modest hallelujah sung In unison, where the music seems quite free, When the piece begins to praise God, the music enters a firmer, more commanding tone, as the choir sings, for the Lord Omnipotent relegate. When declaring the epithets for the God, such as king of kings and lord of lords, the voices of the choir turn forte and there are consecutive flat tones, for emphasis. When the music enters Into, The kingdom of this world. It Is Plano, symbolizing something unimportant. It grows louder with Is become the, and suddenly, It Is forte with the Kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ, and of His Christ, which symbolizes its importance. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing Two Baroque Masses or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Handel pushes the repetition of forever and ever to make the meaning, God ruling for eternity, match the repetitive form, while the violin n the background adds complexity to the sound.Handel caps it off at the end, with a long, ceremonious hallelujah that reminds the audience of the glory of the kingdom of God, with a large drum playing the background that seems to hail the greatness of God. Handel has truly made a great piece of work in all aspects, which is surprising considering how fast he wrote the entire Messiah, of which the Hallelujah Chorus is only a small part of. An another mass, the requiem mass Dies Aria, is started off furiously by Mozart, the choir singing, Dies aria, dies Lila (this day, this day of wrath). The force in these Nards mirror this meaning.Since it is a requiem, a funeral mass, Mozart is talking about the day of judgment. The second line, translated, shall consume the world in ashes, is fast paced, as if the land is being consumed by fire and flame, with a violin In the background adding speed to the sound. The third line sounds definite and straightforward, as its meaning, which is that this day of Judgment was already foretold. Then, violins ascend up the scale, as the scene moves upward to heaven. The voices are also higher, as they describe the trembling done by those being judged by the God up high.When In the next line they describe the Judge, God, arriving, the voices are higher, more forte, and have a definite tone of Intimidation In them. In the last verse, as God weighs everything strictly, the Latin, sancta stricter dulcimers, sounds structured and strict, as It mirrors the action being carried out. Mozart composes this amazing work only using these verses, but It Is hardly a piece Limited In any way. It Is complete on almost all levels. Gallivanting piece starts off it a modest hallelujah sung in unison, where the music seems quite free.When the piece begins to praise God, the music enters a firmer, more commanding tone, as the choir sings, for the Lord Omnipotent reignite. When vices of the choir turn forte and there are consecutive flat tones, for emphasis. En the music enters into, The kingdom of this world , it is piano, symbolizing something unimportant. It grows louder with is become the, and suddenly, it is n the background adds complexity to the sound. Handel caps it off at the end, with a Sod. Handel has truly made a great piece of work in all aspects, which is surprising about the day of Judgment.The second line, translated, shall consume the world in in the background adding speed to the sound. The third line sounds definite and rhea voices are also higher, as they describe the trembling done by those being lugged by the God up high. When in the next line they describe the Judge, God, arriving, the voices are higher, more forte, and have a definite tone of intimidation in discusser, sounds structured and strict, as it mirrors the action being carried out. Mozart composes this amazing work only using these verses, but it is hardly a piece limited in any way. It is complete on almost all levels.